Products
Proppants One of the critical factors influencing the success of a fracture treatment is the proppant selection. Recent advancements in proppant testing under realistic, long-term conditions, have demonstrated the benefits of matching the proppant characteristics to the reservoir and frac treatment environment. Improvements in the chemistry of the resins used to coat proppants, has reduced the interference to frac fluid performance. Concerns about conductivity losses due to proppant flow-back, proppant embedment, proppant crushing and fines migration, etc., can now be minimized or eliminated by proper selection of the proppant. Non-darcy flow effects can be reduced for all proppants by adapting the proppant characteristics and size to your application. Remember, high strength proppants (ceramics) do not always provide the maximum conductivity or economic return.
Non-Conventional Well Testing - Equipment and Training The GLS-2000 is a portable, graphical, computer assisted pressure data acquisition system. It enables on-site analysis of most problems associated with the operation of oil and gas wells. The solutions are obtained with new technology, utilizing proven principles in a manner that is quick, insightful and easy to use. Generally the wellsite tests can be completed within hours, versus days for conventional testing. The GLS-2000 calculates sand face flow rates while producing gas through a critical flow prover or a gas meter. The knowledge of sand face rates allows one to apply the variable rate or superposition solution to the testing of oil and gas wells. This means that the draw down portion of an oil or gas well test can now be used to calculate reservoir properties. The basic test for a pumping well consists of closing the casing valve, recording the pressure for about two minutes, then opening a critical flow prover for a minute or so while still recording the casing pressure. An observation of the pressure profile created shows at a glance whether or not the well is operating in a normal or abnormal manner. If the well is operating normally (linear response) then the annular gas rate, the fluid level and the bottom hole pressure can be determined on site. A meaningful IPR can be calculated from the pressure and flow rate data. Abnormal well behavior (non-linear response) can be caused by excess foam, tubing and casing leaks, check valve failure etc. Abnormal pressure behavior means that an opportunity exists for increased productivity by simple well repairs. The fluid level calculated by the GLS 2000 sees through foam and is thereby superior to conventional sonic devices. When the GLS 2000 is used on the tubing of a pumping well, pump problems are immediately obvious. The GLS-2000 calculates sand face flow rates while producing gas through a critical flow prover or a gas meter. The knowledge of sand face rates allows one to apply the variable rate or superposition solution to the testing of oil and gas wells. This means that the draw down portion of an oil or gas well test can now be used to calculate reservoir properties. Tests that normally required days to reach stabilization can now be tested in a matter of hours as it is no longer necessary to achieve stabilized flow. With the GLS software, the production engineer can play back and analyze any field test sent in from anywhere in the world. The GLS-2000 is the perfect tool for determining reservoir properties from either a draw down or a buildup test. An example of a buildup test is simply monitoring the buildup after perforating the well or shutting in a producing well. The GLS-2000 calculates the inflow rates, which are used with the variable rate solution to determine skin and reservoir transmissibility. An example of a gas well draw down test would be to simply flow the well for an hour or so with the GLS-2000 connected to the wellhead. The data collected is sufficient to analyze the well without shutting it in for a pressure buildup thereby saving time and money.
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For more information please contact optimus@optimus.ab.ca |
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